Solution Basics: Definition, Composition & Characteristics

A solution is a special type of mixture where one substance dissolves completely into another. The result is a homogeneous mixture, meaning it's uniform throughout – every part of the solution is the same.

Composition of a Solution

Solutions are made up of two main parts:

• Solute: This is the substance that gets dissolved. It can be a solid (like sugar in tea), a liquid (like alcohol in water), or a gas (like carbon dioxide in soda).
• Solvent: This is the substance that does the dissolving. Water is the most common solvent, often called the "universal solvent." Other examples include alcohol and gasoline.

Key Characteristics of Solutions

• Homogeneity: The particles of the solute are evenly distributed throughout the solvent. This means any sample taken from the solution will have the same composition.
• Stability: If left undisturbed and under constant conditions (like temperature), the solute will not settle out or separate from the solvent over time.
• Transparency (often): Many common solutions, especially those with liquid solvents, are clear and transparent, though they can be colored.
• Cannot be separated by simple filtration: The solute particles are too small to be caught by filter paper.